The Baroque, an art movement that lasted from the late 16th century to the early 18th century, was a period of dramatic artistic development. This period was characterised by its dynamic and exuberant aesthetic and responded to both the social and religious upheavals of the time.
Origins of the Baroque:
Baroque art originated in Rome and quickly spread throughout Europe. It was significantly influenced by the Counter-Reformation, a period in which the Catholic Church sought to consolidate and renew its power. The church used art as a means of communicating its messages and emotionally engaging the faithful.
Characteristics of Baroque art:
Baroque art is known for its dramatic staging, strong contrasts between light and shadow (known as chiaroscuro) and emphasis on movement. Baroque artists such as Caravaggio, Bernini and Rubens endeavoured to evoke emotion and involve the viewer in the artwork. Their works were often monumental and showed a preference for rich detail, colourfulness and theatrical effects.
Development of the Baroque style:
The development of Baroque art was closely linked to the political and ecclesiastical power structures of the time. While the church was the most important patron in Italy, in countries such as France and Spain, royal and aristocratic patrons also became patrons of Baroque art. This led to a certain diversity in the themes and styles of Baroque art in different European regions.
Main representatives of Baroque art:
Caravaggio was known for his dramatic use of light and shadow and his realistic depiction of human figures.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, a master of sculpture and architecture, was a major influence on the Roman Baroque style.
Peter Paul Rubens, who worked in Flanders, was famous for his dynamic, emotional and colourful paintings.
Baroque has had a lasting influence on the modern art world. Its emphasis on emotion, drama and movement can be found in many modern art movements. Baroque aesthetics, in particular the dynamic use of light and shadow and dramatic staging, have inspired artists right up to the present day. Elements of the Baroque style can also be found in contemporary architecture and design.