Classicism, an art movement characterised by its return to ancient Greek and Roman ideals, shaped European art and architecture in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Often seen as a reaction to the exuberance of Baroque and Rococo, this period emphasised clarity, simplicity and symmetry.
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture is characterised by strict forms, clear lines and a preference for symmetry and proportion. Magnificent columns, triangular pediments and the use of domes and arches, inspired by ancient temples, are characteristic. An outstanding example of this is the Parthenon in Athens, whose style and proportions were often imitated in neoclassical buildings throughout Europe.
Painting and sculpture
Neoclassical painting and sculpture reflected a return to traditional themes and techniques. Artists such as Jacques-Louis David and Antonio Canova strove for harmony and balance in their works, often inspired by historical and mythological themes. Their works are characterised by realistic depiction and clear, unadulterated lines.
Influence on modernism
Classicism not only influenced the art of its time, but also later generations of artists and architects. Its influence can be seen in modern architecture, design and even fashion. The principles of symmetry, clarity and simplicity can be found in many contemporary designs.
In many cities around the world, public buildings such as courthouses, government buildings and museums reflect the Neoclassical style. These buildings are often symbols of stability, permanence and cultural significance.